18F-FAZA, 18F-FDG, and 123I-IMP Imaging Reveal Hypoxia and Metabolism in Acute MOGAD

Abstract

We report the first case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody–associated disease (MOGAD) evaluated with hypoxic imaging using ¹⁸F-FAZA PET/CT. A healthy woman in her 20s presented to our hospital with seizures, headaches, and vomiting. MRI and CT scans suggested a wide range of differential diagnoses, from neoplastic lesions, such as malignant lymphoma, to inflammatory diseases, such as vasculitis, making her case challenging to diagnose. MOGAD was confirmed by positive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, and her condition improved with steroid therapy. The ¹⁸F-FAZA PET/CT findings in this case may aid in understanding the pathogenesis of MOGAD.