6‐Shogaol prevents benzo (A) pyrene‐exposed lung carcinogenesis via modulating PRDX1‐associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and proliferation in mouse models

Abstract

In this study, we have investigated the chemopreventive role of 6‐shogaol (6‐SGL) on benzopyrene (BaP) exposed lung carcinogenesis by modulating PRDX1‐associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and proliferation in Swiss albino mouse models. Mice were exposed to BaP (50 mg/kg b.wt) orally twice a week for four consecutive weeks and maintained for 16 weeks, respectively. 6‐SGL (30 mg/kg b.wt) were orally administered to mouse 1 h before BaP exposure for 16 weeks. After the experiment's termination, 6‐SGL (30 mg/kg b.wt) prevented the loss in body weight, increased lung weight, and the total number of tumors in the mice. Moreover, we observed that 6‐SGL treatment reverted the activity of BaP‐induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in mice. Also, 6‐SGL impeded the phosphorylation of MAPK family proteins such as Erk1, p38, and Jnk1 in BaP‐exposed mice. PRDX1 is an essential antioxidant protein that scavenges toxic radicals and enhances several antioxidant proteins. Overexpression of PRDX1 substantially inhibits MAPKs, proliferation, and inflammation signaling axis. Hence, PRDX1 is thought to be a novel targeting protein for preventing BaP‐induced lung cancer. In this study, we have obtained the 6‐SGL treatment in a mouse model that reverted BaP‐induced depletion of PRDX1 expression. Moreover, pretreatment of 6‐SGL (30 mg/kg b.wt) significantly inhibited enhanced proinflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐β1, IL‐10) and proliferative markers (Cyclin‐D1, Cyclin‐D2, and PCNA) in BaP‐exposed mice. The histopathological studies also confirmed that 6‐SGL effectively protected the cells with less damage. Thus, the study demonstrated that 6‐SGL could be a potential phytochemical and act as a chemopreventive agent in BaP‐induced lung cancer by enhancing PRDX1 expression.