A CONSTRAINED CONSTRUCTIVE OPTIMIZATION MODEL OF BRANCHING ARTERIOLAR NETWORKS IN RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE

Blood flow regulation within the microvasculature reflects a complex interaction of regulatory mechanisms and varies spatially and temporally according to conditions such as metabolism, growth, injury, and disease. Understanding the role of microvascular flow distributions across conditions is of interest to investigators spanning multiple disciplines; however, data collection within networks can be labour-intensive and challenging due to limited resolution. To overcome these experimental challenges, computational network models which can accurately simulate vascular behavior are highly beneficial. Constrained Constructive Optimization (CCO) is a commonly used algorithm for vascular simulation, particularly well known for its adaptability towards vascular modelling across tissues. The present work demonstrates an implementation of CCO aimed to simulate a branching arteriolar microvasculature in healthy skeletal muscle, validated against literature including comprehensive rat gluteus maximus vasculature datasets, and reviews a list of user-specified adjustable model parameters to understand how their variability affects the simulated networks. Network geometric properties, including mean element diameters, lengths, and numbers of bifurcations per order, Horton's Law ratios, and fractal dimension, demonstrate good validation once model parameters are adjusted to experimental data. This model successfully demonstrates hemodynamic properties such as Murray's Law and the network Fahraeus effect. Application of centrifugal and Strahler ordering schemes results in divergent descriptions of identical simulated networks. This work introduces a novel CCO-based model focused on generating branching skeletal muscle microvascular arteriolar networks based on adjustable model parameters, thus making it a valuable tool for investigations into skeletal muscle microvascular structure and tissue perfusion.