A Machine Learning Pipeline for Cancer Detection on Microarray Data: The Role of Feature Discretization and Feature Selection

Early disease detection using microarray data is vital for prompt and efficient treatment. However, the intricate nature of these data and the ongoing need for more precise interpretation techniques make it a persistently active research field. Numerous gene expression datasets are publicly available, containing microarray data that reflect the activation status of thousands of genes in patients who may have a specific disease. These datasets encompass a vast number of genes, resulting in high-dimensional feature vectors that present significant challenges for human analysis. Consequently, pinpointing the genes frequently associated with a particular disease becomes a crucial task. In this paper, we present a method capable of determining the frequency with which a gene (feature) is selected for the classification of a specific disease, by incorporating feature discretization and selection techniques into a machine learning pipeline. The experimental results demonstrate high accuracy and a low false negative rate, while significantly reducing the data’s dimensionality in the process. The resulting subsets of genes are manageable for clinical experts, enabling them to verify the presence of a given disease.