A New Hybrid Forecasting Model Based on Dual Series Decomposition with Long-Term Short-Term Memory

In recent years, ozone (O3) has gradually become the primary pollutant plaguing urban air quality. Accurate and efficient ozone prediction is of great significance to the prevention and control of ozone pollution. The air quality monitoring network provides multisource pollutant concentration monitoring data for ozone prediction, but ozone prediction based on multisource monitoring data still faces the challenges of each station’s series of data. Aiming at the problems of low prediction accuracy and low computational efficiency in traditional atmospheric ozone concentration prediction, ozone concentration prediction using dual series decomposition was proposed by variational mode decomposition (VMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and long short-term memory (LSTM). First, the historical data series of Nanjing air quality monitoring stations is decomposed by VMD, and then the EEMD algorithm is applied to the residual of VMD to obtain several characteristic intrinsic mode function (IMF) components; each characteristic IMF component is trained by LSTM to obtain the prediction result of each component, and then the final result can be obtained by linear superposition. The proposed method achieved the best results with R2 = 99%, MSE = 5.38, MAE = 4.54, and MAPE = 3.12. Because LSTM has strong adaptive learning ability and good memory function, it has the learning advantage of long-term memory for long-term data, and the prediction results are more accurate. According to the data, the proposed method is superior to the baseline models in terms of statistical metrics. As a result, the proposed hybrid method can serve as a reliable model for ozone forecasting.