A recent update on the use of antimicrobials for animal health in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Background and Aim: Animal antimicrobials must be studied to determine if they have the same types, norms of use, and resistance patterns as those used in humans. This study aimed to facilitate the analysis of data on the use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and to aid in developing a strategy to prevent the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in humans and animals. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained through a survey of 101 veterinarians working in animal clinics and independent practice in five regencies of Yogyakarta province. Results: Both of the antibiotics, antiparasitic (78.6%) and, antiseptic and disinfectant (68.0%), and antifungal (31.1%) were the most frequently used types of antimicrobials, while antivirals were the least used (9.7%). The most often treated animals with antimicrobials are pets (37%), followed by large and small livestock (30%), poultry (15%), and exotic animals (14%). Of the respondents, 89% were aware of the factors contributing to AMR, but only 47% monitored developments and expanded their understanding of AMR. The most common antibiotic classes were penicillin (71), tetracyclines (50), sulfonamides (41), fluoroquinolones (31), and aminoglycosides (27). Conclusion: All antimicrobials used in the animal health sector are also used in human medicine, which requires special consideration. This cross-use of antibiotics was a crucial factor in determining the cause of the spread of AMR between humans and animals. Keywords: animal health, antimicrobial use, Yogyakarta.