A sustainable RP‐HPLC method for concurrent estimation of capecitabine and celecoxib in liposomal formulation: Greenness and whiteness appraisal
Rushikesh Sanjay Shewale, Shyam Sudhakar Gomte, Aakanchha JainAbstract
Liposomes have been reported for combination therapy due to their ability to carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs together. The current investigation aims to develop a novel, eco‐friendly, and sustainable reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method for the simultaneous quantification of capecitabine and celecoxib co‐encapsulated in liposomes. The method reported herein uses a C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm2, 5 μm) and a mobile phase consisting of water, and acetonitrile/methanol in a ratio of 60:40, containing 0.1% formic acid in both the phases. The flow rate is maintained at 1 mL/min, with an injection volume of 10 μL in the gradient mode. Detection is set at λmax = 240 nm for capecitabine and 252 nm for celecoxib. The developed liposomes are mono‐disperse with a surface potential of −6.93 mV. The average size of the liposomes is 142 nm. The percentage entrapment efficiency for capecitabine is 52.39 ± 0.94%, and for celecoxib, it is 77.13 ± 0.74%. The Analytical Greenness Metric of 0.61 and Analytical Eco‐Scale Score of 75 signify the greenness of the developed method. Also, the Red‐Green‐Blue model shows excellent whiteness, with a score of 83.2. Thus, the developed method offers a reliable, accurate, precise, buffer‐free, and environment‐friendly RP‐HPLC approach for the simultaneous analysis of capecitabine and celecoxib co‐encapsulated in liposomes.