A systematic review of the beneficial effects of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics on ADHD
Pooneh Allahyari, Saheb Abbas Torki, Bahareh Aminnezhad Kavkani, Zahra Mahmoudi, Mohadeseh Sadat Mousavi Hoseini, Mahdi Moradi, Farkhondeh Alami, Mohammad Keshavarz Mohammadian, Samira Bahoo Sele Bani, Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh, Hanieh Shafaei, Sara Khoshdooz, Azadeh Hajipour, Saeid Doaei, Maryam Gholamalizadeh - Pharmacology (medical)
- Psychiatry and Mental health
- Pharmacology
- Clinical Psychology
Abstract
Background
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may benefit from probiotics and prebiotics, but the effects are unclear. To determine whether probiotics and prebiotics affect children with ADHD, a systematic review was conducted.
Methods
The present systematic review analyzed cohort studies and randomized controlled trials that examined whether prebiotics and probiotics are associated with ADHD. Seven randomized controlled trials and two cohort studies met our inclusion criteria.
Results
Research on Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) probiotic supplementation showed that children with ADHD had better emotional, physical, social, and school functioning, and a higher health‐related quality of life compared to the placebo group. The studies also showed that Synbiotic 2000 reduces markers of intestinal and vascular inflammation in children with ADHD, in part through increasing SCFA levels.
Conclusion
The use of probiotics and prebiotics as adjuvants therapy in patients with ADHD is beneficial. Further studies with longer duration, including more participants and a variety of age groups, and using various evaluation techniques such as in vivo observation are required to examine the effects of prebiotics and probiotics on ADHD.