A Tutorial on V2I Communication: Evaluating the LTE-V2X for Day-1 V2I and V2V Integration in Congested Scenarios

<div>Because of the growing interest in LTE-V2X, there is a need to describe its performance under various conditions and scenarios. This article explores the deployment of long-term evolution vehicle-to-everything (LTE-V2X) technology for vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication and delves into the deployment of LTE-V2X communication in three major global regions: the United States, Europe, and China. We begin with an overview of the functionality of LTE-V2X and highlight the objectives of V2I communication in terms of safety and mobility applications—and describe why it will be the predominant type of V2X in the first few years of deployment. We also examine the specific Day-1 V2I message sets standardized in each region, along with their potential applications and benefits. The technical details and use cases using these messages are discussed, along with the benefits they offer in improving the accuracy, reliability, and safety for surface transportation. Additionally, our field trial and simulation results demonstrate why, from a technical basis, LTEV2X is the technology of choice in North America and China. In particular, the performance of V2I and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication in a single 20 MHz channel (Channel 183) is highlighted. The results show that LTE-V2X technology can support both V2V and V2I communication and that Day-1 V2I messages can be effectively transmitted and received in a congested urban environment. Overall, we highlight the potential of LTE-V2X technology for V2V and V2I communication in enabling safety and efficiency in the current and next generation of transportation systems.</div>