Accelerated Aging Method of Performance Attenuation of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules Under Full-Spectrum Conditions

Crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules, when subjected to diverse environmental conditions, undergo progressive performance degradation due to factors such as temperature, humidity, light irradiation, and operational duration. Understanding this degradation is essential for reliably correlating laboratory tests with actual operational performance. This study examines the reduction in power generation capacity resulting from the prolonged interaction of these modules with various environmental factors. We developed an accelerated aging model that simulates real-world conditions in the lab, using multiple doses of environmental factors, full-spectrum conditions, and varying light intensities. The developed model indicates an aging acceleration factor of 143.36, though this factor might be higher in actual conditions. To validate our model, we conducted a series of tests under controlled conditions, specifically at a temperature of 70 °C, humidity level of 60%, and triple the standard incident light intensity. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the accelerated aging model and the long-term performance degradation observed in modules operational for 8–10 years. For polycrystalline silicon modules, the correction coefficient associated with the accelerated aging method was determined to range from 0.3 to 0.5. This study presents a reliable approach for connecting long-term performance projections of photovoltaic modules to laboratory testing, providing critical insights into the operational reliability and degradation patterns of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules within the industry.