Adaptive diving in South Africa: A perspective of disabled people and their support structure

The participation of disabled people in outdoor recreational activities is recognised as a key element of inclusion of disabled people in tourism and recreation, and a way to promote several physical and psychological benefits and cohesion between disabled and non-disabled people. Nevertheless, strategies towards inclusivity are hampered by both practical and perceived challenges, especially in developing countries. This qualitative study investigated the dilemmas faced by the disabled community in the context of adaptive diving in South Africa. Interviews were conducted with six key informants within the adaptive diving community, including disabled divers and their non-disabled support system (buddies and instructors). The interviews focused on an exposition of the psycho-physical benefits of adaptive diving – with an emphasis on flow states normally experienced in outdoor recreation – and the barriers to inclusive diving. The participants’ narratives offered important pointers which can guide strategies towards a greater understanding and integration of adaptive diving into the diving industry. This study emphasises the relevance and potential of adaptive diving as an activity promoting psychophysical well-being, social cohesion and tourism development.