Antidiabetic, Antihyperlipidemic Activities of Gelatin Nanoparticles Encapsulated with Murraya koenigii(L.) Spreng in High Fat Diet Fed Streptozotocin Induced Wistar Rats

Nanoencapsulation of herbal extracts is an emerging strategy in developing novel therapeutic agents to combat type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to investigate sub‐acute antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of aqueous ethanol 70% v/v extract of Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. (MAE) encapsulated gelatin nanoparticles (MGNP) using a high fat diet fed streptozotocin induced diabetic Wistar rats.  MGNP (10, 20, and 60 mg kg‐1) and free MAE (85, 255, and 765 mg kg‐1) were administered to rats for 28 days, and biochemical and histopathological investigations were conducted. Rats treated with MGNP (therapeutic dose:20 mg kg‐1) showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in glycated hemoglobin (by 61.7%, 16.3%), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (by 64.7%, 49.0%), triglyceride (by 49.2%, 10.4%), very low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (by 49.4%, 10.4%), tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (by 75.9%, 41.5%), malondialdehyde (by 67.5%, 27.5%), and increased homeostatic model assessment of β cell function (by 949.5%, 449.7%),  leptin (by 283.3%, 177.0%), catalase (by 429.8%, 102.9%) and total antioxidant capacity (by 688.0%, 13.4%) compared to diabetic control rats and MAE, respectively, indicating profound antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities. The biochemical findings were corroborated by the amelioration of histopathological abnormalities in the pancreas, proving MGNP is a novel drug lead in pharmaceutical applications.