Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a manifestation of evolution in real-time in response to chemical warfare against bacteria through the medicinal and non-therapeutic use of antimicrobial agents. Antibiotic resistance, which is a result of fast genetic evolution in bacteria, not only contributes to worldwide disease outbreaks but also reduces people's ability to effectively control significant human illnesses. Since sulfonamide and penicillin were first used in clinical settings in the 1930s and 1940s, respectively, many have believed that antibiotics are completely effective against infectious infections. However, due to the extensive use of antibiotics, a significant public health issue known as antibiotic resistance is currently evident.

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