CAR-T therapy and allogeneic stem cell transplantation for refractory acute myeloid leukemia: A comparative study

Children with chemo-refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a poor prognosis and a high frequency of relapsed and/or refractory AML, with a poor result of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). An external major histocompatibility antigens-independent antigen-binding domain, a transmembrane-linking domain, and an intracellular costimulatory T-cell signaling domain or numerous domains make up chimeric antigen receptor T lymphocytes (CARTs). By specifically targeting CD19, CART have proved effective in improving therapy results for B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AML is defined as the absence of a myeloid counterpart to CD19, or a “expendable” antigen. Occasionally, AML will produce the T-cell antigen CD7, which anti-CD7 CAR-T-cells can target to destroy CD7-bearing T-cells. In conclusion; myeloid antigen-directed CART-cell therapy might cause remission in AML patients who are not responding to treatment and myeloid antigen-directed CAR-T therapy can be used as a bridge to allogeneic HSCT in r/r AML.