CLINICOETIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF EMPYEMA THORASIS IN CHILDREN IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE

Empyema thoracis in children is a serious medical condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in the pleural space, typically resulting from bacterial infections. The clinicoetiological profile of empyema in pediatric patients is essential for understanding its causes,clinical presentation,and appropriate management strategies.This study aims to analyze the clinical features,etiology,and treatment outcomes of children diagnosed with empyema thoracis in a tertiary care hospital. A retrospective analysis was conducted on pediatric patients admitted with a diagnosis of empyema thoracis over a period of two years.The clinical data,including age,gender,presenting symptoms,radiological findings, microbiological investigations,and treatment protocols,were reviewed.Additionally,the study examined the impact of underlying conditions, such as respiratory tract infections, and the role of antimicrobial therapy in the management of empyema.The results showed a higher incidence of empyema thoracis in children under 5 years of age, with a predominance in males.The most common presenting symptoms were fever,cough,and respiratory distress,with chest pain being a less frequent complaint. Radiologically, most cases showed evidence of pleural effusion, with ultrasound and chest X-ray playing a key role in diagnosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were the most commonly identified pathogens, although a significant proportion of cases had no definitive microbial etiology. The treatment approach involved antibiotics, with some children requiring surgical interventions like thoracentesis or thoracotomy.In conclusion, empyema thoracis in children remains a significant health concern, with a varied etiology and clinical presentation. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, along with supportive care and surgical intervention when needed,are essential for improving outcomes.The study highlights the importance of continued surveillance and tailored treatment strategies to manage this condition effectively in pediatric populations.