Comparative Analysis of Liposuction and Conservative Treatment in Lipedema Patients: A Modified Body-Q Questionnaire Study

Background: Despite its estimated high prevalence among women and increasing awareness, lipedema remains under-investigated. Ignoring its debilitating nature, surgical treatment for this condition is frequently covered by health insurance only in advanced stages and after the exhaustion of conservative therapies. Methods: A total of 1015 patients with lipedema were recruited via social media platforms. Of these, 860 patients provided answers to at least one complete section of the modified Body-Q questionnaire (response rate 85%). The Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were utilized to assess the impact of the surgical treatment by means of patient-reported outcomes on the self-perception of various body areas. Results: The satisfaction scores among conservatively treated patients for abdominal appearance, arms, back, body, buttocks, and inner thighs showed a statistically significant decline with increasing stages of lipedema. The comparison of patient evaluation scores in the appearance domain demonstrated better patient self-perception scores in patients who received at least one session of the surgical treatment for the hips and thighs (p < 0.01), inner thighs (p < 0.01), and excess skin (0.01) scales. On the body scale, the patients who underwent liposuction again reported better satisfaction scores; however, this did not reach statistical significance (p < 0.081). In the health-related quality of life domain, the patients who received liposuction treatment reported a better outcome in the body image (p < 0.01), physical function (p = 0.05), physical symptoms (p = 0.04), and psychological function (p < 0.01) scales. Conclusions: The current study underscores the burden of lipedema of affected patients and its negative impact on self-perception. As the disease progresses, conservatively treated patients experience a decline in satisfaction with various aspects of their appearance. However, surgical interventions, particularly liposuction, does not address esthetic concerns but significantly improve health-related quality of life across multiple domains, emphasizing the comprehensive benefits of surgical intervention in the management of lipedema.