Continuous Treatment with Tofacitinib but Not Filgotinib Is Effective in Non-Responders with Active Ulcerative Colitis: A Propensity Score-Matching Analysis

Background: Few studies have compared the efficacy and safety of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We compared the real-world effectiveness and safety of tofacitinib (TOF) and filgotinib (FIL) as induction therapy for UC by propensity score-matching analysis. Methods: We enrolled 230 patients with active UC who received either TOF (n = 197) or FIL (n = 33) as induction therapy. The primary outcome was the clinical response at week 8, and the secondary outcomes were the clinical response/remission rates from weeks 2–8, including the course of patients without a clinical response/remission at week 4. Results: Propensity score-matching analysis revealed that the clinical response rate gradually increased to 72.2% at 8 weeks in the TOF group, whereas it tended to decrease to 48.5% in the FIL group. Clinical remission rates increased from 2 (36.7% vs. 36.7%) to 8 weeks (63.6% vs. 48.5%) after treatment in the TOF and FIL groups, respectively. The clinical response rate was higher in the TOF group than in the FIL group at week 8 in patients without a clinical response at week 4 (38.5% vs. 0%; p = 0.011). The clinical remission rate was also higher in the TOF group than in the FIL group at week 8 in patients without clinical remission at week 4 (50.0% vs. 16.7%; p = 0.046). The incident rates of infection and anemia were higher in the TOF group than in the FIL group. Conclusions: TOF may be more effective than FIL at 8 weeks for patients with UC who do not respond to treatment within the first 4 weeks.