Effect of liposome composition on β‐blocker interactions studied by capillary electrokinetic chromatography

Liposome capillary electrokinetic chromatography was used to investigate the interactions between three β‐blockers of different hydrophobicity and various liposome solutions. The studied β‐blockers comprised alprenolol, propranolol, and carvedilol. The composition of the liposome solutions, containing 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine, 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phos‐phoethanolamine, 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐

‐serine, and cholesterol in various molar ratios, was designed by a response surface methodology‐central composite design approach. Subsequently, after conducting the liposome capillary electrokinetic chromatography experiments and determining the retention factors from the electrophoretic mobilities of the compounds, and further calculating the distribution coefficients, an analysis of variance was performed. After extracting the statistical models, optimal operational conditions were obtained based on the developed models. To further investigate the interactions between the β‐blockers and the liposomes, nanoplasmonic sensing experiments were carried out on two different liposome systems. The overall results demonstrate the strong influence of cholesterol and 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐‐serine on the distribution coefficients.