Failure of Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in Klippel- Feil Syndrome- 4: A Case Report of a Rare Syndromic Robin Sequence

Klippel-Feil syndrome-4 (KFS4), a rare autosomal recessive form of Klippel- Feil syndrome, is characterized by facial dysmorphism, nemaline myopathy, and short stature. Only 10 cases of KFS4 have been previously published in the literature. We report a novel case of a 1- month-old girl with known KFS4 and Robin Sequence (RS). At 2 months old, she underwent bilateral mandibular distraction osteogenesis to correct significant airway obstruction. Despite adequate mandibular advancement, the patient failed extubation twice and eventually required a tracheostomy. Due to the multiple anomalies present in KFS4, mandibular distraction osteogenesis may have a decreased likelihood of surgical success.