Intersectionality in Black Maternal Health Experiences: Implications for Intersectional Maternal Mental Health Research, Policy, and Practice
Shantesica M. Gilliam, Kandyce Hylick, Erica N. Taylor, Dominique L. La Barrie, Emily E. Hatchett, Morgan Y. Finch, Yashaswini Kavalakuntla- Maternity and Midwifery
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
Introduction
Black women experience significant maternal mortality and morbidity disparities in the United States. Although emerging research has focused on reducing maternal mortality rates among Black birthing individuals, we must explore structural and social factors contributing to mental health outcomes during the perinatal period. Gaps exist where intersectional identities and experiences in maternal and child health are examined. This study explores the intersectional stress experiences of Black perinatal women in the South.
Methods
We collected qualitative data through virtual semistructured interviews with 9 pregnant and 7 postpartum participants (N = 16).These interviews assessed feelings, attitudes, and perceptions about psychological stress due to their intersectional experiences of being Black, pregnant, and a woman in the United States. Findings were analyzed through the lens of critical race theory and intersectionality.
Results
We identified 5 overarching themes: (1) perinatal mental health experiences, (2) birthing and parenting while Black, (3) socioeconomic factors, (4) how we cope, and (5) community and social support.
Discussion
Overall, this study revealed how the layers of race, gender, pregnancy, and socioeconomic status influence mental health during the perinatal period. These findings show the need for antiracist and intersectional maternal mental health policies and practices.