Investigating archaeological remains at Stracciacappe, Rome: comparing traditional sources with UAV-based multispectral, thermal and microtopographic analysis

This study investigates the applicability of drone technology in examining Stracciacappe, a minor archaeological site through low-altitude aerial photography (LAAP). Using multispectral and thermal sensors mounted on DJI Phantom Multispectral and DJI Mavic Enterprise Advanced drones, several flight missions were conducted in November 2020, May 2021, and April 2022. The effectiveness of analyzing multispectral and thermal raw images was limited by the area's irregular vegetation, which hindered the clear detection of archaeological anomalies. However, microtopographic analysis employing various visualization techniques (VT) revealed significant traces, aligning with the site’s description found in numerous documentary sources. This includes the identification of two distinct areas within the castrum:the elevated cassarum and the burgus,along with potential traces of defensive structures within these areas. Drone analysis delineated a cassarum comprising a tower, palatium, and defensive walls, while the burgus seemed devoid of buildings, supporting the notion of a village primarily constructed with perishable materials. Thus, the study highlights the importance of using diverse sensor-based drone analyses to enhance archaeological investigations at minor sites.