Mechanically robust and thermally enhanced sand‐polyacrylamide‐2D nanofiller composite hydrogels for water shutoff applications

Abstract

Herein, we report a facile preparation method for mechanically robust and thermally enhanced sand‐polyacrylamide (PAM)‐2D‐nanofillers composite hydrogels and their application in water shutoff. To prepare the sample, 4 wt% of aqueous PAM solution is mixed with organic cross‐linkers of hydroquinone (HQ) and hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) in a 1:1 weight ratio and aqueous potassium chloride (KCl) solution and with a specific amount of 2D‐nanofillers such as commercial graphene (CG) nanosheets or boron nitride nanoparticles (BN NPs). A specific amount of the above solution is added to sand, well mixed, and subsequently cured at 150°C for 8 h. The prepared composite hydrogels were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) for chemical composition and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) for successful hydrogel coating onto the sand particles. Thermal stabilities of the samples have been evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Mechanical properties (storage modulus [G′]; loss modulus [G″]; gel strength (G′/G″); and damping factor [G″/G′]) of the samples were determined using dynamic mechanical analyses. The thermal stability of the samples has reached as high as 193.4°C, while the gel strength is found to be a maximum of 16.2. The water swelling ratio for the composite hydrogel has reached a maximum of 1100% within 1 h.